Self-Concept and Social Skills as Predictors of Physical Education Learning Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Senior High School

Abstract

This study examined the simultaneous contribution of self-concept and social skills to Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning outcomes among students at SMA Negeri 5 Sukabumi. Both variables are theoretically presumed to influence academic achievement, including in subjects that require physical activity and social interaction. A quantitative, correlational-predictive ex post facto design was used. Self-concept and social skills were measured with questionnaires, while PJOK learning outcomes were obtained from grade documentation. The population comprised all Grade XI students, and the sample was Class XI C (40 students), selected through cluster random sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. The results showed R = 0.307, R² = 0.094, df = 2 and 37, and F = 1.929, indicating that self-concept and social skills together have a weak and non-significant relationship with PJOK learning outcomes. Thus, they do not significantly predict PJOK outcomes in this sample, likely because other factors play a larger role, such as students’ physical-motor condition, teachers’ instructional quality, and the availability of learning facilities. This study contributes empirically to developing a more comprehensive predictor model of PJOK learning outcomes and provides a basis for future research to explore other, more domain-specific variables.