Prevalensi serta Analisis Faktor Risiko Chronic Ankle Instability pada Mahasiswa dengan Riwayat Ankle sprain
Keywords:
Chronic Ankle Instability, ankle sprain, CAIT, recurrent injury, sensorimotor rehabilitation
Abstract
Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in sports and frequently progresses to Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). This condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of ankle giving way, neuromuscular control deficits, and an increased risk of recurrent injury. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CAI among university students with a history of ankle sprain using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) and to analyze the association between several risk factors and the occurrence of CAI. This study employed a cross-sectional observational design. The sample consisted of 50 students with a history of ankle sprain. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the CAIT instrument. Descriptive statistics were used to determine CAI prevalence, and Chi-square analysis was applied to examine the association between risk factors and CAI. CAI was defined as a CAIT score ≤24. The findings showed that 72% of participants were classified as having CAI, while 28% were categorized as non-CAI. Statistical analysis revealed that recurrent ankle sprain was significantly associated with CAI (p = 0.008). In contrast, sex and athletic participation were not significantly associated with CAI (p > 0.05). The prevalence of CAI among students with a history of ankle sprain is relatively high. Recurrent ankle sprain appears to be the most significant risk factor contributing to CAI. These findings highlight the importance of sensorimotor and neuromuscular rehabilitation programs in physiotherapy practice to prevent the development of CAI.
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References
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Powden, C. J., Hoch, J. M., & Hoch, M. C. (2017). Rehabilitation and improvement of health-related quality-of-life detriments in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis. Journal of Athletic Training, 52(8), 753–765.
Rosen, A. B., Yentes, J. M., McGrath, M. L., Maerlender, A. C., Myers, S. A., & Mukherjee, M. (2019). Alterations in cortical activation among individuals with chronic ankle instability during single-limb postural control. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 718–726.
Shu, C., Chia, M., Fu, S., Ko, V. M., He, X., Zhang, X., Hua, Y., Yung, P. S., & Ling, S. K. (2025). Investigating peroneus muscle quality in ankle stability : A comparative analysis between chronic ankle instability patients and healthy controls. Physical Therapy in Sport, 74(June), 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.06.001
Shu, C., Chia, M., Fu, S., Ko, V. M., Wang, M., Zuo, Y., Yung, P. S., & Ling, S. K. (2025). Cross-sectional study on peroneal muscle echogenicity changes and their effects on balance functions in individuals with chronic ankle instability. 1–14.
Tretriluxana, J., Nanbancha, A., Sinsurin, K., Limroongreungrat, W., & Wang, H.-K. (2021). Neuromuscular control of the ankle during pre-landing in athletes with chronic ankle instability: Insights from statistical parametric mapping and muscle co-contraction analysis. Physical Therapy in Sport, 47, 46–52.
Wang, W., Liao, D., Kang, X., Zheng, W., Xu, W., & Chen, S. (2021). Development of a valid Chinese version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool in Chinese ‑ speaking patients with chronic ankle instability disorders. Scientific Reports, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87848-x
Wikstrom, E. A., Hubbard-turner, T., Guderian, S., & Turner, M. J. (2018). Lateral Ankle sprain in a Mouse Model: Lifelong Sensorimotor Dysfunction. 53(3), 249–254. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-365-16
Yang, C., Yang, F., & Chen, Y. (2024). Patients with chronic ankle instability exhibit increased sensorimotor cortex activation and correlation with poorer lateral balance control ability during single-leg stance : a FNIRS study. 1(April), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1366443
Zhang, R., Qi, Q., Song, W., & Chen, Y. (2022). Predicting the success of multimodal rehabilitation in chronic ankle instability based on patient ‑ reported outcomes. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05676-0
Delahunt, E. (2019). Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability. 54(6), 611–616. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44-18
Delahunt, E., Bleakley, C. M., Bossard, D. S., Caulfield, B. M., Docherty, C. L., Doherty, C., Fourchet, F., Fong, D. T., Hertel, J., Hiller, C. E., Kaminski, T. W., Mckeon, P. O., Refshauge, K. M., Remus, A., Verhagen, E., Vicenzino, B. T., Wikstrom, E. A., & Gribble, P. A. (2019). Clinical assessment of acute lateral ankle sprain injuries ( ROAST ): 2019 consensus statement and recommendations of the International Ankle Consortium. 1304–1310. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098885
Gribble, P. A., Bleakley, C. M., Caul, B. M., Docherty, C. L., Fourchet, F., Fong, D. T., Hertel, J., Hiller, C. E., Kaminski, T. W., Mckeon, P. O., Refshauge, K. M., Verhagen, E. A., Vicenzino, B. T., Wikstrom, E. A., & Delahunt, E. (2016). 2016 consensus statement of the International Ankle Consortium : prevalence , impact and long-term consequences of lateral ankle sprains. 1493–1495. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096188
Hertel, J., & Corbett, R. O. (2019). An updated model of chronic ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 572–588. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-344-18
Herzog, M. M., Kerr, Z. Y., Marshall, S. W., & Wikstrom, E. A. (2019). Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 603–610. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-447-17
Hiller, C. E., Refshauge, K. M., Bundy, A. C., Herbert, R. D., Kilbreath, S. L., Ce, A. H., Km, R., & Ac, B. (2006). The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool : A Report of Validity and Reliability Testing. 87(September), 1235–1241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.05.022
Huang, P., Jankaew, A., & Lin, C. (2021). Effects of Plyometric and Balance Training on Neuromuscular Control of Recreational Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability : A Randomized Controlled Laboratory Study.
Kawabata, S., Ozone, K., Minegishi, Y., Oka, Y., Terada, H., Takasu, C., Kojima, T., Kano, T., Kanemura, N., & Murata, K. (2024). Chronic ankle joint instability induces ankle sensorimotor dysfunction: a controlled laboratory study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(3), 739–749.
Lin, Chiao-I, Mina Khajooei, Tilman Engel, Alexandra Nair, Mika Heikkila, Hannes Kaplick, F. M. (2021). The effect of chronic ankle instability on muscle activations in lower extremities. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247581
Lin, C.-I., Mayer, F., & Wippert, P.-M. (2022). The prevalence of chronic ankle instability in basketball athletes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 27.
Lin, C. I., Houtenbos, S., Lu, Y. H., Mayer, F., & Wippert, P. M. (2021). The epidemiology of chronic ankle instability with perceived ankle instability- a systematic review. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-021-00480-w
Miklovic, T. M., Donovan, L., Protzuk, O. A., Kang, M. S., & Feger, M. A. (2018). Acute lateral ankle sprain to chronic ankle instability: a pathway of dysfunction. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 46(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1409604
Needle, A. R., Lepley, A. S., & Grooms, D. R. (2017). Central Nervous System Adaptation After Ligamentous Injury : a Summary of Theories , Evidence , and Clinical Interpretation. Sports Medicine, 47(7), 1271–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0666-y
Peng, D., Tang, H., Mao, M., Song, Q., Mao, D., Wang, J., & Sun, W. (2024). Correlations of strength , proprioception , and dynamic balance to the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool Score among patients with chronic ankle instability : a cross-sectional study.
Powden, C. J., Hoch, J. M., & Hoch, M. C. (2017). Rehabilitation and improvement of health-related quality-of-life detriments in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a meta-analysis. Journal of Athletic Training, 52(8), 753–765.
Rosen, A. B., Yentes, J. M., McGrath, M. L., Maerlender, A. C., Myers, S. A., & Mukherjee, M. (2019). Alterations in cortical activation among individuals with chronic ankle instability during single-limb postural control. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 718–726.
Shu, C., Chia, M., Fu, S., Ko, V. M., He, X., Zhang, X., Hua, Y., Yung, P. S., & Ling, S. K. (2025). Investigating peroneus muscle quality in ankle stability : A comparative analysis between chronic ankle instability patients and healthy controls. Physical Therapy in Sport, 74(June), 104–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2025.06.001
Shu, C., Chia, M., Fu, S., Ko, V. M., Wang, M., Zuo, Y., Yung, P. S., & Ling, S. K. (2025). Cross-sectional study on peroneal muscle echogenicity changes and their effects on balance functions in individuals with chronic ankle instability. 1–14.
Tretriluxana, J., Nanbancha, A., Sinsurin, K., Limroongreungrat, W., & Wang, H.-K. (2021). Neuromuscular control of the ankle during pre-landing in athletes with chronic ankle instability: Insights from statistical parametric mapping and muscle co-contraction analysis. Physical Therapy in Sport, 47, 46–52.
Wang, W., Liao, D., Kang, X., Zheng, W., Xu, W., & Chen, S. (2021). Development of a valid Chinese version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool in Chinese ‑ speaking patients with chronic ankle instability disorders. Scientific Reports, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87848-x
Wikstrom, E. A., Hubbard-turner, T., Guderian, S., & Turner, M. J. (2018). Lateral Ankle sprain in a Mouse Model: Lifelong Sensorimotor Dysfunction. 53(3), 249–254. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-365-16
Yang, C., Yang, F., & Chen, Y. (2024). Patients with chronic ankle instability exhibit increased sensorimotor cortex activation and correlation with poorer lateral balance control ability during single-leg stance : a FNIRS study. 1(April), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1366443
Zhang, R., Qi, Q., Song, W., & Chen, Y. (2022). Predicting the success of multimodal rehabilitation in chronic ankle instability based on patient ‑ reported outcomes. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-022-05676-0
Published
2026-03-31
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