Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran PJBL Terhadap Hasil Belajar Berguling Belakang pada Peserta Didik
Keywords:
Backward roll, Floor Gymnastics, PjBL, Students
Abstract
The low learning outcomes of students on the backward roll material are an obstacle in floor gymnastics material for Physical Education learning, based on the dominance of conventional approaches that do not involve student activities. Therefore, an innovative learning model is needed that can increase student involvement in learning outcomes. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model on backward roll learning outcomes at SDN 31 Ambacang. The method used is a quasi-experimental with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest design, 13 students were involved. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test, followed by descriptive and inferential analysis. The results showed an increase in the average score from 67.23 in the pre-test to 87.31 in the post-test with an N-Gain value of 61.35% which is in the medium to high category. These findings indicate that the implementation of PjBL is effective in improving learning outcomes, encouraging active involvement, collaboration, and reflection of students in the learning process. This study has design limitations due to the lack of a control group and a relatively small sample size, which limits generalizability. Future research is recommended to use an experimental design with a comparison group and involve a larger sample size to obtain more comprehensive results.
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References
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Chen, C. H., & Yang, Y. C. (2019). Revisiting the effects of project-based learning on students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis investigating moderators. Educational Research Review, 26, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.11.001
Chu, Y., Chen, C., Wang, G., & Su, F. (2022). The Effect of Education Model in Physical Education on Student Learning Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 944507. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.944507
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Gong, J., Gao, H., Sui, J., & Qi, F. (2024). The effect of core stability training on the balance ability of young male basketball players. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1305651. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1305651
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Gusti Handayani, S., Komaini, A., Tri Mario, D., Ayubi, N., & Muthahari, Z. (2026). Android-assisted gymnastics learning media to improve backward roll skills: A comparative analysis. Journal of Physical Education and Sport ® (JPES), 26(1), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2026.01014
Hakim, H., Hasmyati, H., Zulfikar, M., Anwar, N. I. A., Dos Santos, H. A., & Hamzah, A. (2023). Improving student’s self-efficacy through inquiry learning model and modeling in physical education. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 42(2), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v42i2.57759
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Ma’mun, A., Tinaz, C., Anira, A., Syarifatunnisa, S., Hertem, Ö. O., Mahendra, A., & Juliantine, T. (2025). Physical education and school sport in emerging nations: a comparison of Indonesia and Türkiye. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1582778. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1582778
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Priyohutomo, A., Komarudin, & Sridadi. (2025). The Perspective of Physical Education Teachers: Challenges within the Project-Based Learning Model. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(3), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.3.05
Rahayu, N. P. D. Y., I Gusti Lanang Agung Parwata, & I Ketut Iwan Swadesi. (2024). The Influence of Learning Models on Students’ Floor Exercise Learning Outcomes and Body Fitness. Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v8i1.32474
Septaliza, D., Muslimin, M., & Dwi Susilo Nugroho. (2024). The Implementation of Project based Learning in Physical Education at Elementary Schools. Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(2), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v8i2.33998
Shi, P., & Feng, X. (2022). Motor skills and cognitive benefits in children and adolescents: Relationship, mechanism and perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1017825. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2022.1017825/FULL
Sutapa, P., Pratama, K. W., Rosly, M. M., Ali, S. K. S., & Karakauki, M. (2021). Improving Motor Skills in Early Childhood through Goal-Oriented Play Activity. Children, 8(11), 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/CHILDREN8110994
Taiebine, M., Hassani, W. Al, & Nejjari, C. (2024). The Experience of Project-Based Learning Among First-Year Health Sciences Students in Morocco. Cureus, 16(10), e72649. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.72649
Tiwari, R., Arya, R. K., & Bansal, M. (2017). Motivating Students for Project-based Learning for Application of Research Methodology Skills. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 7(Suppl 1), S4. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_123_17
Turcotte, N., Rodriguez-Meehan, M., & Stork, M. G. (2022). This School is Made for Students: Students’ Perspectives on PBL. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 6(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41686-022-00066-0
Wiium, N. (2021). Physical Education and Its Importance to Physical Activity, Vegetable Consumption and Thriving in High School Students in Norway. Nutrients, 13(12), 4432. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124432
Yin, X., Zhang, D., Shen, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2025). Effectiveness of school-based interventions on fundamental movement skills in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 1522. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22696-2
Yu, H. (2024). Enhancing creative cognition through project-based learning: An in-depth scholarly exploration. Heliyon, 10(6), e27706. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E27706
Zanotto, T., Chen, L., Fang, J., Bhattacharya, S. B., Alexander, N. B., & Sosnoff, J. J. (2023). Minimizing fall-related injuries in at-risk older adults: The falling safely training (FAST) study protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 33, 101133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101133
Zhang, L., & Ma, Y. (2023). A study of the impact of project-based learning on student learning effects: a meta-analysis study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1202728. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728
Alya Rahmawati, Ayudia, T., Riyadi, A., Yuliansah, L., Anugrah, R. A., Adrian, R., Wahyudi, A., Ramadhan, D. F., Destriansyah, Y., & Fauzi, R. A. (2025). The Role of Forward Rolls in the Development of Gross Motor Skills of Elementary School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani (JPJ), 6(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.55081/jpj.v6i1.4072
Ayu Wulandari, M., Senen, A., Savira Wardani, D., & Ruqoyyah, S. (2025). Transforming Education Through Project-Based Learning (PjBL): Enhancing Students’ Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking. Jurnal Profesi Pendidikan, 4(1), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.22460/jpp.v4i1.27655
Chen, C. H., & Yang, Y. C. (2019). Revisiting the effects of project-based learning on students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis investigating moderators. Educational Research Review, 26, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.11.001
Chu, Y., Chen, C., Wang, G., & Su, F. (2022). The Effect of Education Model in Physical Education on Student Learning Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 944507. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.944507
Ferrero, M., Vadillo, M. A., & León, S. P. (2021). Is project-based learning effective among kindergarten and elementary students? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 16(4), e0249627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249627
Gaspari, V., Bogdanis, G. C., Panidi, I., Konrad, A., Terzis, G., Donti, A., & Donti, O. (2024). The Importance of Physical Fitness Parameters in Rhythmic Gymnastics: A Scoping Review. Sports, 12(9), 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12090248
Gong, J., Gao, H., Sui, J., & Qi, F. (2024). The effect of core stability training on the balance ability of young male basketball players. Frontiers in Physiology, 14, 1305651. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1305651
Grauduszus, M., Koch, L., Wessely, S., & Joisten, C. (2024). School-based promotion of physical literacy: a scoping review. Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1322075. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1322075
Guo, P., Saab, N., Post, L. S., & Admiraal, W. (2020). A review of project-based learning in higher education: Student outcomes and measures. International Journal of Educational Research, 102, 101586. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJER.2020.101586
Gusti Handayani, S., Komaini, A., Lobo, J., Tri Mario, D., & Ayubi, N. (2025). Development of Augmented Reality-Based Gymnastics Learning Media. 16(2). https://doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2025.825
Gusti Handayani, S., Komaini, A., Tri Mario, D., Ayubi, N., & Muthahari, Z. (2026). Android-assisted gymnastics learning media to improve backward roll skills: A comparative analysis. Journal of Physical Education and Sport ® (JPES), 26(1), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2026.01014
Hakim, H., Hasmyati, H., Zulfikar, M., Anwar, N. I. A., Dos Santos, H. A., & Hamzah, A. (2023). Improving student’s self-efficacy through inquiry learning model and modeling in physical education. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 42(2), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v42i2.57759
Hendra, J., & Oktavia, A. (2020). Peningkatan Kemampuan Senam Lantai Guling Belakang Dengan Pendekatan Bermain Kapal Goyang. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 4(3).
HosseiniKhezri, A., Shang, C., Moss, A. C., Song, J., & Chen, A. (2025). Learning in Physical Education: A Transfer of Learning Theory Perspective. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education : JTPE, 10.1123/jtpe.2024-0251. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2024-0251
Invernizzi, P. L., Signorini, G., Colella, D., Raiola, G., Bosio, A., & Scurati, R. (2020). Assessing Rolling Abilities in Primary School Children: Physical Education Specialists vs. Generalists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8803. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH17238803
Komaini, A., Kiram, Y., Erianjoni, Andika, H., & Handayani, S. G. (2025). Nature as school: Indigenous Mentawai children’s play activities based on local wisdom for enriching motor skills. Sport TK, 14. https://doi.org/10.6018/SPORTK.662301
Komaini, A., Kiram, Y., Gusril, Mario, D. T., Handayani, S. G., & Erianjoni. (2023). Fundamental Movement Skills in Children in Mentawai Islands: Indigenous Tribes in Indonesia. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 23(4), 520–530. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.4.05
Ma’mun, A., Tinaz, C., Anira, A., Syarifatunnisa, S., Hertem, Ö. O., Mahendra, A., & Juliantine, T. (2025). Physical education and school sport in emerging nations: a comparison of Indonesia and Türkiye. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 7, 1582778. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2025.1582778
Montrezor, L. H., & Passos, C. L. T. (2024). Project-Based Learning Adapted as a Physiology Teaching Strategy for the Sophomore Undergraduate Medical Students. Medical Science Educator, 34(5), 1071. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-024-02092-y
Naseer, F., Tariq, R., Alshahrani, H. M., Alruwais, N., & Al-Wesabi, F. N. (2025). Project based learning framework integrating industry collaboration to enhance student future readiness in higher education. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 24985. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10385-4
Priyohutomo, A., Komarudin, & Sridadi. (2025). The Perspective of Physical Education Teachers: Challenges within the Project-Based Learning Model. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(3), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.3.05
Rahayu, N. P. D. Y., I Gusti Lanang Agung Parwata, & I Ketut Iwan Swadesi. (2024). The Influence of Learning Models on Students’ Floor Exercise Learning Outcomes and Body Fitness. Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v8i1.32474
Septaliza, D., Muslimin, M., & Dwi Susilo Nugroho. (2024). The Implementation of Project based Learning in Physical Education at Elementary Schools. Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 8(2), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v8i2.33998
Shi, P., & Feng, X. (2022). Motor skills and cognitive benefits in children and adolescents: Relationship, mechanism and perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1017825. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2022.1017825/FULL
Sutapa, P., Pratama, K. W., Rosly, M. M., Ali, S. K. S., & Karakauki, M. (2021). Improving Motor Skills in Early Childhood through Goal-Oriented Play Activity. Children, 8(11), 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/CHILDREN8110994
Taiebine, M., Hassani, W. Al, & Nejjari, C. (2024). The Experience of Project-Based Learning Among First-Year Health Sciences Students in Morocco. Cureus, 16(10), e72649. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.72649
Tiwari, R., Arya, R. K., & Bansal, M. (2017). Motivating Students for Project-based Learning for Application of Research Methodology Skills. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research, 7(Suppl 1), S4. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_123_17
Turcotte, N., Rodriguez-Meehan, M., & Stork, M. G. (2022). This School is Made for Students: Students’ Perspectives on PBL. Journal of Formative Design in Learning, 6(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41686-022-00066-0
Wiium, N. (2021). Physical Education and Its Importance to Physical Activity, Vegetable Consumption and Thriving in High School Students in Norway. Nutrients, 13(12), 4432. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124432
Yin, X., Zhang, D., Shen, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2025). Effectiveness of school-based interventions on fundamental movement skills in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 25(1), 1522. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22696-2
Yu, H. (2024). Enhancing creative cognition through project-based learning: An in-depth scholarly exploration. Heliyon, 10(6), e27706. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E27706
Zanotto, T., Chen, L., Fang, J., Bhattacharya, S. B., Alexander, N. B., & Sosnoff, J. J. (2023). Minimizing fall-related injuries in at-risk older adults: The falling safely training (FAST) study protocol. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 33, 101133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101133
Zhang, L., & Ma, Y. (2023). A study of the impact of project-based learning on student learning effects: a meta-analysis study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1202728. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1202728
Published
2026-03-17
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