Aktivitas Fisik, Kebahagiaan, dan Kesejahteraan Psikologis: Tinjauan Literatur dari Perspektif Filsafat Olahraga
Keywords:
physical activity, happiness, psychological well-being, meaning in life, sport participation
Abstract
Physical activity is an important factor that contributes to physiological health, as well as the psychological well-being of an individual. Participation in sport has increasingly been associated with higher levels of happiness, subjective well-being, and the development of meaning in life. However, the philosophical dimensions of sport participation remain relatively underexplored within the field of sport science literature. This study aims to examine the relationship between sport participation, happiness, and meaning in life through a narrative literature review approach. The literature search was conducted across several international academic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords related to physical activity, psychological well-being, happiness, and meaning in life. Approximately 40 relevant scientific publications were analyzed thematically to identify psychological and philosophical mechanisms linking sport participation to human well-being. The findings indicate that physical activity contributes to happiness through several mechanisms, including the enhancement of subjective well-being, the strengthening of self-efficacy, emotional regulation, and the fulfillment of basic psychological needs as described in Self-Determination Theory. In addition, experiences of challenge, achievement, and social engagement in sport play a significant role in helping individuals develop a sense of meaning in life. Therefore, sport should not only be viewed as a physical activity aimed at improving bodily health but also as an important medium for fostering psychological well-being and meaningful living. These findings highlight the importance of promoting sport participation within society as part of a broader strategy to improve overall quality of life.
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References
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Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The what and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Chapter 3 - Symptoms of Wellness: Happiness and Eudaimonia from a Self-Determination Perspective (K. M. Sheldon & R. E. B. T.-S. of H. Lucas (eds.); pp. 37–55). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-411478-4.00003-5
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King, L. A., & Hicks, J. A. (2021). The Science of Meaning in Life. 561–584.
Li, J. (2024). Effects of physical activity participation on subjective well-being. Frontiers in Public Health.
Matheus, V., & Martinez, L. (2024). The exercise as a social support to improve mental health : a brief narrative review. 8(6), 152–155. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijfcm.2024.08.00369
McCarthy, P. J., & Gupta, S. (2022). SET GOALS TO GET GOALS : SOWING SEEDS FOR.
McNamee, M. (2018). Philosophy of sport: A critical introduction. Routledge.
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In Oxford handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
Ntoumanis, N. (2012). Motivation in sport and exercise. Human Kinetics.
Park, N. (2010). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 25–39.
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(S3), 1–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581
Peris-Delcampo, D., Núñez, A., & Ortiz-Marholz, P. (2024). The bright side of sports: A systematic review on well-being, positive emotions and performance. BMC Psychology, 12, 284. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01769-8
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Singh, S., Panchal, R. K., & Jaggi, D. S. (2024). SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LOCAL SPORTS COMUNITIES ( AN ARTICLE ). 5, 1457–1460. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.432
Spray, C. M., & Warburton, V. E. (2022). WHAT MOTIVATES YOUNG ATHLETES TO PLAY SPORT ?
Sri, S., & Nakamura, J. (2023). Flow and mental health (H. S. Friedman & C. H. B. T.-E. of M. H. (Third E. Markey (eds.); pp. 35–40). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91497-0.00130-2
Steger, M. F. (2012). Making meaning in life. Psychological Inquiry.
Stockwell, S., Trott, M., & Tully, M. (2022). Changes in physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. BMC Public Health.
Stubbs, B., & Vancampfort, D. (2018). An examination of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for people with anxiety and stress-related disorders. Psychiatry Research, 249, 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.020
Tahira, S. (2023). The Association Between Sports Participation and Mental Health Across the Lifespan. 5(2).
Turnbull, D., Chugh, R., & Luck, J. (2023). Social Sciences & Humanities Open Systematic-narrative hybrid literature review : A strategy for integrating a concise methodology into a manuscript. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1), 100381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100381
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Zekioğlu, A., Tatar, A., & Ayhan, D. (2024). The importance of physical activity in terms of mental health. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education.
Zhang, Z., & Chen, W. (2019). A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 1305–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9976-0
Zheng, W., & Kingdom, U. (2024). Analyse Subjective Wellbeing. 0, 204–208. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/75/20241668
Bartlett, R. (2014). Introduction to sports biomechanics: Analysing human movement patterns. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0-415-63243-0
Burns, G. T., Kozloff, K. M., & Zernicke, R. F. (2020). Biomechanics of elite performers: Economy and efficiency of movement. Kinesiology Review, 9(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0058
Candra, O., Parulian, T., Yolanda, F., Novrandani, S., & Darmawan, D. V. (2025). Holistik dengan Mengintegrasikan Latihan Kondisi Fisik, Psikologi Olahraga, dan Karakter. Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE), 5(1), 782–792. doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v5i1.2260
Firmansyah, A. J., & Hadi, M. S. (2024). Implementasi Program Running ABC di SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Mujahidin: Meningkatkan Kesehatan dan Kinerja Fisik Siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Mujahidin. SEMNASFIP.
Grigorenko, D. N., Bondarenko, K. K., & Shilko, S. V. (2011). The kinematic and power analysis of the competitive exercises at hurdle race. Russian Journal of Biomechanics, 15(3), 51–59.
Janna, M., & Kurnia, M. F. (2025). Penerapan Prinsip Biomekanika untuk Optimalisasi Performa Atletik Mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani. Hybrid: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Sains, 4(2), 39–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.51574/hybrid.v4i2.4163
Kiely, J., Pickering, C., & Collins, D. J. (2019). Smoothness: an unexplored window into coordinated running proficiency. Sports Medicine-Open, 5(1), 43.
Knudson, D. V. (2013). Qualitative diagnosis of human movement: improving performance in sport and exercise. Human kinetics.
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(4), 674–688. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000121945.36635.61
Lu, T.-W., & Chang, C.-F. (2012). Biomechanics of human movement and its clinical applications. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 28(2), S13–S25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2011.08.004
Maheswari, D. L., Yuliastin, G. D., & Rachman, W. (2025). Mengenal Dunia Atletik: Dasar, Teknik, dan Peraturan. Penerbit: Kramantara JS.
Pica, R. (2008). Physical education for young children: Movement ABCs for the little ones. Human Kinetics.
Prasetyo, B., Sukamti, E. R., & Prabowo, T. A. (2025). A Narrative Review: How Does ABC Running Affect Speed Improvement in Young Athletes. J Adv Sport Phys Edu, 8(1), 14–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.36348/jaspe.2025.v08i01.003
Prima, P., & Kartiko, D. C. (2021). Survei kondisi fisik atlet pada berbagai cabang olahraga. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 9(1), 161-170.
Putra, A. I., Kusuma, L. S. W., & Mistar, J. (2023). Pengaruh Latihan Koordinasi Running Abc (Agility Balance Coordination) Terhadap Kecepatan Lari Sprint 30 Meter. Gelora: Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Dan Kesehatan IKIP Mataram, 10(2), 143–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/gjpok.v10i2.9097
Setyantoko, M., Widiastuti, W., & Hernawan, H. (2019). The game-based ABC running exercise model for children ages 6-12 years. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal, 2(3), 506-518. doi : https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i3.422
Susiono, R. (2019). Analisis Unifikasi pada Gerak Dasar Running ABC Mahasiswa FIO 2018 Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Gladi: Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 10(02), 112-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.102.05
Sunaryo, F. Y. A. B. (2023). Pengaruh Latihan Agility Hurdle Drill dan Agility Ladder Drill terhadap Kelincahan Keterampilan Teknik Dribbling Ditinjau dari Indeks Massa Tubuh pada Pemain Pemula Sepakbola Wanita. UNS (Sebelas Maret University).
Teferi, G. (2020). Methods of Biomechanical Performance Analyses in Sport: Systematic Review. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. doi:10.12691/ajssm-8-2-2
Widyanata, A. N., Utomo, A. W. B., & Putra, A. A. I. A. (2025). Analisis Teknik Shooting Menggunakan Kaki Bagian Dalam Sepak Bola Menggunakan Software Kinovea. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(7). doi: https://doi.org/10.62281/v3i7.2611
Yanuarsyah, M., Nurjaya, D. R., & Syahid, A. M. (2025). The Effect of the Combination of ABC Running Drill and Hexagon Drill Exercises on Increasing the Agility of Men’s Futsal Athletes. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 14(2), 715-721. doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v14i2.28175
Biddle, S. J. H., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: A review of reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 886–895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185
Booth, J. W., & Neill, J. T. (2017). Coping strategies and the development of psychological resilience. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 20(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03401002
Chekroud, S. R. (2018). Association between physical exercise and mental health in 1.2 million individuals in the USA. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(9), 739–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30227-X
Clara, M., Chagas, R., & Gisele, M. (2024). Neuropsychological effects of physical activity in people with depression. 06(January), 19–22.
Cummins, R. A. (2018). Physical Activity and Subjective Wellbeing BT - Handbook of Leisure, Physical Activity, Sports, Recreation and Quality of Life (L. Rodriguez de la Vega & W. N. Toscano (eds.); pp. 275–291). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75529-8_16
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The what and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
DeHaan, C. R., & Ryan, R. M. (2014). Chapter 3 - Symptoms of Wellness: Happiness and Eudaimonia from a Self-Determination Perspective (K. M. Sheldon & R. E. B. T.-S. of H. Lucas (eds.); pp. 37–55). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-411478-4.00003-5
Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-135
Holder, M. D. (2012). Understanding the Construct of Positive Well-Being and Happiness BT - Happiness in Children: Measurement, Correlates and Enhancement of Positive Subjective Well-Being (M. D. Holder (ed.); pp. 1–4). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4414-1_1
King, L. A., & Hicks, J. A. (2021). The Science of Meaning in Life. 561–584.
Li, J. (2024). Effects of physical activity participation on subjective well-being. Frontiers in Public Health.
Matheus, V., & Martinez, L. (2024). The exercise as a social support to improve mental health : a brief narrative review. 8(6), 152–155. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijfcm.2024.08.00369
McCarthy, P. J., & Gupta, S. (2022). SET GOALS TO GET GOALS : SOWING SEEDS FOR.
McNamee, M. (2018). Philosophy of sport: A critical introduction. Routledge.
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Flow theory and research. In Oxford handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
Ntoumanis, N. (2012). Motivation in sport and exercise. Human Kinetics.
Park, N. (2010). The role of subjective well-being in positive youth development. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 25–39.
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(S3), 1–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581
Peris-Delcampo, D., Núñez, A., & Ortiz-Marholz, P. (2024). The bright side of sports: A systematic review on well-being, positive emotions and performance. BMC Psychology, 12, 284. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01769-8
Reverdito, Riller Silva, Fonseca, Sofia, Lopes, Antonio, Aires, Karyna, Santos Alves, Luciano, Alves de Lima, Leilane, Tavares, Mayara de Almeida, & Gonçalves, Carlos. (2023). Sources of Sport Satisfaction and Perceived Self-Efficacy Among Youth in a Competitive Environment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 130(3), 1221–1238. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125231167460
Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2021). Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Affect and Mental Health. Current Psychology, 40(3), 1228–1233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0055-9
Secer, E., Kacay, Z., & Yildiz, N. O. (2025). The effect of physical activity on life satisfaction among sports science students. Frontiers in Psychology.
Singh, S., Panchal, R. K., & Jaggi, D. S. (2024). SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LOCAL SPORTS COMUNITIES ( AN ARTICLE ). 5, 1457–1460. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i1.2024.432
Spray, C. M., & Warburton, V. E. (2022). WHAT MOTIVATES YOUNG ATHLETES TO PLAY SPORT ?
Sri, S., & Nakamura, J. (2023). Flow and mental health (H. S. Friedman & C. H. B. T.-E. of M. H. (Third E. Markey (eds.); pp. 35–40). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91497-0.00130-2
Steger, M. F. (2012). Making meaning in life. Psychological Inquiry.
Stockwell, S., Trott, M., & Tully, M. (2022). Changes in physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. BMC Public Health.
Stubbs, B., & Vancampfort, D. (2018). An examination of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for people with anxiety and stress-related disorders. Psychiatry Research, 249, 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.020
Tahira, S. (2023). The Association Between Sports Participation and Mental Health Across the Lifespan. 5(2).
Turnbull, D., Chugh, R., & Luck, J. (2023). Social Sciences & Humanities Open Systematic-narrative hybrid literature review : A strategy for integrating a concise methodology into a manuscript. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1), 100381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2022.100381
Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current systematic reviews. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
Zekioğlu, A., Tatar, A., & Ayhan, D. (2024). The importance of physical activity in terms of mental health. Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education.
Zhang, Z., & Chen, W. (2019). A systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 1305–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9976-0
Zheng, W., & Kingdom, U. (2024). Analyse Subjective Wellbeing. 0, 204–208. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/75/20241668
Bartlett, R. (2014). Introduction to sports biomechanics: Analysing human movement patterns. Routledge. ISBN: 978-0-415-63243-0
Burns, G. T., Kozloff, K. M., & Zernicke, R. F. (2020). Biomechanics of elite performers: Economy and efficiency of movement. Kinesiology Review, 9(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0058
Candra, O., Parulian, T., Yolanda, F., Novrandani, S., & Darmawan, D. V. (2025). Holistik dengan Mengintegrasikan Latihan Kondisi Fisik, Psikologi Olahraga, dan Karakter. Journal Of Human And Education (JAHE), 5(1), 782–792. doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/jh.v5i1.2260
Firmansyah, A. J., & Hadi, M. S. (2024). Implementasi Program Running ABC di SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Mujahidin: Meningkatkan Kesehatan dan Kinerja Fisik Siswa di SMP Muhammadiyah Al-Mujahidin. SEMNASFIP.
Grigorenko, D. N., Bondarenko, K. K., & Shilko, S. V. (2011). The kinematic and power analysis of the competitive exercises at hurdle race. Russian Journal of Biomechanics, 15(3), 51–59.
Janna, M., & Kurnia, M. F. (2025). Penerapan Prinsip Biomekanika untuk Optimalisasi Performa Atletik Mahasiswa Pendidikan Jasmani. Hybrid: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Sains, 4(2), 39–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.51574/hybrid.v4i2.4163
Kiely, J., Pickering, C., & Collins, D. J. (2019). Smoothness: an unexplored window into coordinated running proficiency. Sports Medicine-Open, 5(1), 43.
Knudson, D. V. (2013). Qualitative diagnosis of human movement: improving performance in sport and exercise. Human kinetics.
Kraemer, W. J., & Ratamess, N. A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(4), 674–688. DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000121945.36635.61
Lu, T.-W., & Chang, C.-F. (2012). Biomechanics of human movement and its clinical applications. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 28(2), S13–S25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2011.08.004
Maheswari, D. L., Yuliastin, G. D., & Rachman, W. (2025). Mengenal Dunia Atletik: Dasar, Teknik, dan Peraturan. Penerbit: Kramantara JS.
Pica, R. (2008). Physical education for young children: Movement ABCs for the little ones. Human Kinetics.
Prasetyo, B., Sukamti, E. R., & Prabowo, T. A. (2025). A Narrative Review: How Does ABC Running Affect Speed Improvement in Young Athletes. J Adv Sport Phys Edu, 8(1), 14–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.36348/jaspe.2025.v08i01.003
Prima, P., & Kartiko, D. C. (2021). Survei kondisi fisik atlet pada berbagai cabang olahraga. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Dan Kesehatan, 9(1), 161-170.
Putra, A. I., Kusuma, L. S. W., & Mistar, J. (2023). Pengaruh Latihan Koordinasi Running Abc (Agility Balance Coordination) Terhadap Kecepatan Lari Sprint 30 Meter. Gelora: Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Dan Kesehatan IKIP Mataram, 10(2), 143–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33394/gjpok.v10i2.9097
Setyantoko, M., Widiastuti, W., & Hernawan, H. (2019). The game-based ABC running exercise model for children ages 6-12 years. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal, 2(3), 506-518. doi : https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v2i3.422
Susiono, R. (2019). Analisis Unifikasi pada Gerak Dasar Running ABC Mahasiswa FIO 2018 Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Gladi: Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 10(02), 112-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/GJIK.102.05
Sunaryo, F. Y. A. B. (2023). Pengaruh Latihan Agility Hurdle Drill dan Agility Ladder Drill terhadap Kelincahan Keterampilan Teknik Dribbling Ditinjau dari Indeks Massa Tubuh pada Pemain Pemula Sepakbola Wanita. UNS (Sebelas Maret University).
Teferi, G. (2020). Methods of Biomechanical Performance Analyses in Sport: Systematic Review. American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. doi:10.12691/ajssm-8-2-2
Widyanata, A. N., Utomo, A. W. B., & Putra, A. A. I. A. (2025). Analisis Teknik Shooting Menggunakan Kaki Bagian Dalam Sepak Bola Menggunakan Software Kinovea. Jurnal Media Akademik (JMA), 3(7). doi: https://doi.org/10.62281/v3i7.2611
Yanuarsyah, M., Nurjaya, D. R., & Syahid, A. M. (2025). The Effect of the Combination of ABC Running Drill and Hexagon Drill Exercises on Increasing the Agility of Men’s Futsal Athletes. ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 14(2), 715-721. doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/active.v14i2.28175
Published
2026-03-30
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Artikel
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